Escape Sequence / Execution Character
Some characters such as newline, tab, backspace cannot be displayed like other normal characters. C supports the combination of backslash (\) and some characters from the C character for representing these character in our C programs. These character combinations are known as escape sequences and are represented by two characters. The first character is "\" and second character is from the C character set. some escape sequences are given below -
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Escape sequence
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Meaning
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purpose
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\a
|
Beep /alert
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Produce an audible and visible alert
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\b
|
Backspace
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Move the cursor to the previous position of the current line.
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\f
|
Form feed
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Moves the cursor to the initial position of the next logical page.
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\r
|
Carriage return
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Moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line
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\t
|
Tab (horizontal)
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Moves the cursor to the next horizontal tab position.
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\v
|
Vertical tab
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Moves the cursor to the next vertical tab position.
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\n
|
New line
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Move the cursor to beginning of the next line.
|
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\\
|
Backslash
|
Presents a character with backslash (\).
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\”
|
Double quote
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Presents a character with double quote (“).
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\?
|
Question mark
|
Presents a character with Question mark (?).
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\ooo
|
Octal no.
|
octal escape sequence
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|
\xhh
|
Hexadecimal no.
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hexa escape sequence
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|
\0
|
Null character
|
Used for termination of character string.
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a.) \a escape sequence :
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x;
printf("Input value of x:\a");
scanf("%d",&x);
return 0;
}
Output :
Input value of x:4
b.) \b escape sequence :
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("C is amazing\blaguage ");
// move the cursor previous position of the current line
printf("C is amazing\blaguage\b\b\bG");
return 0;
}
Output :
The output dependent upon compiler.
but the output of this program
C is amazinlaguage C is amazinlaguGge
c.)\n escape sequence :
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("C is amazing language\n");
// shift the cursor to the next line.
printf("welcome to Educaton ki duniya!");
return 0;
}
Output :
C is amazing language
welcome to Educaton ki duniya!
d.)\r escape sequence :
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{.
// here are using \r.which
// carriage return character.
printf("C is amazing \r language\n");
printf("welcome to Educaton ki duniya!");
return 0;
}
output :
Depend upon compiler
languageing
welcome to Educaton ki duniya!
e.) \t escape sequence :
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("C is amazing \t language\t");
printf("welcome to Educaton ki duniya!");
return 0;
}
Output :
C is amazing language welcome to Educaton ki duniya!
f.) \v escape sequence :
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello\v word!"); // vertical tab
return 0;
}
Output :
Hello
word!
g.) \' or \" escape sequence :
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("\' Welocome to Education ki duniya\n");
printf("\" Welocome to Education ki duniya\n");
return 0;
}
Output :
' Welcome to Education ki duniya
" Welcome to Education ki duniya
h.) \\ escape sequence :
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf(" Welocome to \\ EKD\n");
return 0;
}
Output :
Welcome to \ EKD
i.) \? escape sequence :
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("How are you \?\?");
return 0;
}
Output :
How are you ??
j.) \ooo escape sequence :
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
// we are using \ooo escape sequence, here
//each o in "ooo" one to three octal no.
// digits (0,1,2,...,7)
char *s = "\061\065";
printf("%s",s);
return 0;
}
Output :
15
/* here ooo is one to three octal digits
(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7) means there must be at least
one octal digit after \ and maximum three. here
061 is the octal notation that is the ASCII value
is 1. At the place of \061 there is 1 and the output
is 15.*/
k.) \xhh escape sequence :
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
// we are using \xhh escape sequence, here
//each hh is one or more hexadecimal no.
// digits (0,1,2,...,9,a,b...,f, A,B,....F)
char *s = "\x4a\t\x65";
printf("%s",s);
return 0;
}
Output :
J e
There can be more than one hexadecimal number
after \x. here,'x4a' and '\x65' is a hexadecimal
no. and it is single char. firstly convert into
decimal notation and it is the ASCII value of char 'J'
and 'e'.
**** Thank you ****
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